At this stage, you introduce students to concepts, skills, and/or strategies. Think of it as building a strong foundation. Strategies seek to help student gain requisite knowledge needed to move forward to deep learning.
We define deep learning as a period when students consolidate their understanding and apply and extend some surface learning knowledge to support deeper conceptual understanding . . . We think of this as a 'sweet spot' that will often take up more instructional time, but can be accomplished only when students have the requisite knowledge to go deeper.
Transfer learning [is] the point at which students take their consolidated knowledge and skills and apply what they know to new scenarios and different contexts. It is also a time when students are able to think metacognitively, reflecting on their own learning and understanding.
Source: Hattie, Fisher and Frey (Visible Learning for Mathematics, 2017)
Frayer Models
Semantic maps
Word and concept sorts - closed, open
Wide reading
Morphology instruction - roots/affixes, word sums (e.g. "re+form+ing")
Key Insight: Teach academic vocabulary,
don't assume students know it.
Frayer Model
Frayer Model (Google Slides)
Google Slides
-Catlin Tucker, Facilitate a Deep Dive into Vocabulary with Google Slides and The Frayer Model
(Source)
Follow these steps when introducing the Frayer Model:
The teacher explains a new word, going beyond reciting its definition (tap into prior knowledge of students, use imagery).
Students restate or explain the new word in their own words (verbally and/or in writing).
Ask students to create a non-linguistic representation of the word (a picture, or symbolic representation).
Students engage in activities to deepen their knowledge of the new word (compare words, classify terms, write their own analogies and metaphors).
Students discuss the new word (pair-share, elbow partners).
Students periodically play games to review new vocabulary (Pyramid, Jeopardy, Telephone).
For an easy, ready to go activity that emphasizes some of Marzano's steps, see the Frayer Model below.
Do your students struggle learning new vocabulary words? Make those words come alive through video. All you need is a device with a camera, paper, and markers/crayons. Work in small groups to create awesome content, whether it's a vocabulary video or animated GIF.
“Semantic mapping is a visual strategy for vocabulary expansion and extension of knowledge by displaying in categories words related to one another" (Kholi and Sharifafar, 2013). These almost graphic organizers are not pre-made, but made by the students to help "web" out their ideas.
[Semantic maps] build on students’ background knowledge or schema. While drawing on prior knowledge, it recognizes important components and shows the relationships among them" (Kholi and Sharifafar, 2013) as cited in Vocabulary and Fluency Classroom Strategies
You can create graphic organizers using its simple layout. It also scales up to meet the needs of grades 9-12 and adult learners. I made the semantic map shown right with yED Graph Editor; click the map to see it on the web. Watch a video overview
Bubbl.us: This is a web-based browser tool for creating concept or semantic maps. One of its features includes the ability to collaborate with others.
Draw.io: Looking for an easy to use, browser-based diagramming or graphic organizer creator? Look no further than Draw.io. It works in your browser, but allows you to save to whatever cloud storage system you prefer, such as Dropbox, OneDrive, or Google Drive. Watch a video overview
"Wide reading (source) is when students independently read books, magazines, or other available materials for an extended period of time..." (D. Fisher, D. Ross, & M. Grant, 2010). Different from free, voluntary reading, this method is focused on a specific topic where students choose and read materials at their own reading level from a teacher-created collection of texts, but build knowledge needed for the grade level text being read as a class (D. Fisher, D. Ross, & M. Grant, 2010; D. Fisher & N. Frey, 2016).
Use the concept sort activity to organize words into groups. Discuss why they chose to put those words together. Consider comparing words using 2-circle or 3-circle Venn Diagram tools (learn more).
Asking students to discuss with their peers to group vocabulary words according to category. Use Venn Diagrams as a simple way organize content.
Google Slides (via Alice Keeler)
Ready to speak and write in English, but lack the words? As a dual language speaker, I have found myself in this situation. Although I can express myself without the right word, it’s more fun to have the right vocabulary. Learning English Online offers several tools to get you started, such as:
Over 300 word lists for beginners to advanced learners
A personalized vocabulary trainer that will help you practice difficult words
Many exercises and word games that help you learn the words